Save energy at home

Energy saving plays a key role in preventing environmental disasters. The problem of reasonable use of energy is one of the most pressing problems of humanity. The modern economy is based on the use of energy resources whose reserves are exhausted and cannot be renewed.

Every family has some impact on the environment. It's like she's connected to one life support system. Through the channels of this system - electrical and heating networks, water supply, gas pipelines, through trade, households, utilities, supply organizations and enterprises, we receive everything necessary for maintenancenormal for a house. And my family is no exception. If everyone takes care to use natural resources, saves energy and water and reduces the use of disposable packaging materials, they will help avoid a global environmental catastrophe.

Using my family as an example, I decided to conduct a study on energy savings at home. My project helped me consciously move towards conserving resources in the house, saving money on paying for consumed resources, improving my life and achieving greater comfort.

The problem of energy saving concerns not only my family, my school, my region, my country, but also the whole world. Saving energy allows you to reduce your own costs and have a lesser impact on the environment. It helps to create a culture of energy saving - above all, it is training in practical actions, in particular in the rational consumption of electricity, the use of new technologies and the use ofenergy-efficient household appliances and electric lamps.

Objective of the project: Learn how to use electricity on a daily basis with maximum benefits and minimum costs.

the project's objectives:

• Talk about the use of electricity in daily life, why you need to save it and what methods can be used to achieve this.
• In the research part of the project, fill out the apartment's energy passport, measure and analyze electricity consumption.
• Determine measures to reduce energy costs.
• The subject of the research is everyday energy saving.

Research hypothesis: I can assume that my family can make its contribution to saving energy and therefore saving planet Earth.

Main part

Energy saving at home

What do we mean by energy saving? Energy saving is a set of measures aimed at conserving and rationally using electricity and heat. Energy conservation has become one of the priority tasks of humanity due to the shortage of basic energy resources, the increasing cost of their production, as well as global environmental problems.

Every year, the production of fuel and energy costs man more and more, while people begin to clearly realize that the senseless waste of energy and, in particular, electricity, or lThe inappropriate use of energy devices is not only immoral, but also hits the wallet, and further, more severely.

Therefore, the main principle of a modern house is energy saving. Unfortunately, we rarely think about how and how much energy we spend solving specific problems. We often use too much energy where we could save it.

Since January 1, 2011, in accordance with this law, a complete ban on the circulation of incandescent lamps with a power of more than 100 W has been introduced. And since 2014, a total ban on the circulation of lamps with a power greater than 25 W has been introduced.

Why save energy

You need to save energy to reduce your harmful impact on the environment. Unfortunately, no one can save energy by simply flipping a button or switch. Of course, you can cut off the power supply completely, but how long can a person live in an apartment without power? This is unlikely to suit anyone. Therefore, the question of how to save energy at home is of concern to everyone, including me. But energy costs are also rising for another reason: people have more and more electrical appliances in their apartments and homes. As a result, the load on transformer stations increases, which more often have to be repaired or installed more powerful. Energy savings are the cheapest and most environmentally friendly "source" of energy. It is an energy saving approach based on the use of energy saving technologies designed to reduce energy losses.

Ways to save energy

Each family is quite capable of reducing the electricity consumption of its home by almost half without significantly harming human comfort, if it learns a number of useful rules and systematically implements them. The most effective method is to replace incandescent lamps with energy-saving fluorescent or LED lamps.

Equipment in standby mode and not used for a long period of time should be turned off (computer, television, charger, microwave oven, etc. ). It is recommended to use the washing machine at maximum load.

You should make it a rule to turn off the lamp or chandelier when you leave the room for a long time. Boil only the necessary amount of water in the electric kettle and descale it regularly.

Clean your vacuum cleaner’s dust container more often. Turn on the air conditioner with the windows and doors tightly closed.

In case of prolonged absence or departure, turn off all electrical appliances except the refrigerator.

Desks and computers should be positioned to take maximum advantage of natural light.

I think that if you follow the developed rules of energy saving for a while, the invented ways of saving will become a habit for the family. That's why there's an energy-saving sticker on the refrigerator and every light switch has a warning sign that my sister and I drew for our house.

Research part

The number of electrical appliances in our home continues to increase, as do our electricity bills. And this is not surprising, because 6 other people live with me in the house. A very pressing question for us is: how to save energy in our home? And I started my experiments. The first thing I did was create an energy passport for my home. Second, I looked at how much electricity we spend when we live an ordinary life and don't particularly monitor energy saving. And thirdly, I set a condition at home for two weeks: to save money and not waste electrical energy. After analyzing all the data, I suggested to my father that we replace the lamps in some rooms in our house with energy-saving lamps.

Energy passport for my home

I analyzed the electricity consumption of the house, then made a table of household appliances with the indicated power and a table of lighting lamps for all rooms in the house.

Table of the most commonly used household appliances in our home:

No.	Name of the device	Power consumption, W
1	Washing machine	2300
2	vacuum cleaner	2100
3	Fridge	400
4	Microwave	1500
5	Culinary robot	1200
6	Grill oven	1300
7	Blender	750
8	Television 1	67
9	Television 2	80
ten	Television 3	80
eleven	hair dryer	2000

Table of lighting lamps for all rooms in our house:

Part type	Lamp type	Type of lamps	Power, W
1st floor
Living room	Ceiling	DIRECTED	9W x 2 = 18W
Kitchen	Ceiling	DIRECTED	11L x 12 = 132W
Bath	Ceiling	DIRECTED	9L x 5 = 45W
Corridor	Lamp	Energy saving	11W x 1 = 11W
Pantry	Chandelier	Energy saving	11W x 1 = 11W
2nd Floor
Room 1	Chandelier	Energy saving	11L x 3 = 33W
	Desk lamp	Energy saving	11L x 2 = 22W
Bedroom 2	Ceiling	DIRECTED	11L x 4 = 44W 9W x 1 = 9W
Room 3	Chandelier	Luminescent	36W x 1 = 36W
Room 4	Chandelier	Energy saving	11L x 3 = 33W
Corridor	Lamp	Luminescent	36W x 1 = 36W

The table shows that among household appliances, the washing machine has the highest energy consumption, followed by the vacuum cleaner and the hairdryer, although the latter is used less.

Measurement and analysis of electricity consumption

The aim of the experiment was to calculate the cost of electrical energy consumed. The first period is normal consumption, the second period is economy.

date	Meter reading at the start of the week	Meter reading at the end of the week	Electricity consumption kW/hour	Price rub.
from 08. 10 to 22. 10. 2017	5117	5324	207	730. 71
from 23. 10 to 06. 11. 2017	5340	5501	161	568. 33

The adopted tariff is as follows: 1 kW/h - 3 rubles, 53 kopecks.

So, the table shows that in two weeks of economical electricity consumption, our family received162 rubles 38 kopecks.

I have seen in practice that electricity is wasted if devices are plugged in but not in use, or if devices are in standby mode.

During the work, my hypothesis was confirmed. We found ways to save electricity, but it was difficult for family members to save lighting at all times, except for the older generation (grandparents). That is why, at this stage, energy saving is not a habit for our family, but for now only a condition for experimentation.

I think that if you follow the developed rules of energy saving for a while, the invented ways of saving will become a habit for our family.

Saving the family budget

I decided to calculate how much energy was wasted if appliances were turned on but not used. Knowing the power of the devices, I was able to calculate the amount of electricity spent when the TVs are on (and we have three! ) when not in use. If TVs are on and not used for just 2 hours per day, they consume 13. 8 kWh of energy per month. Over the course of a year, this will amount to 165. 6 kW/h, and in some cases this time interval is longer and is on average 6 hours, so they consume energy up to 41, 4 kW/h, and over the course of a year – 496. 8 kW/hour. For a family budget, it ranges from 49 rubles to 146 rubles per month. Per year it will be from 585 rubles to 1754 rubles, respectively. We decided this was a big savings for our big family!

And one more experience. Measure energy costs when equipment is in standby mode.

I unplugged the refrigerator cord and turned off the light. Household appliances remained on in standby mode: televisions, washing machines, microwaves, chargers. I observed the meter readings: in 4 minutes the meter disk made one revolution. I did a calculation: 4 minutes -1 lap, 1 hour - 15 laps. If the standby mode is 20 hours per day, the energy consumption can reach 180 kW/hour per year.

Conclusion: the energy audit showed that the total electricity consumption per day in the apartment was slightly more than 8 kW/h, which corresponds to a monthly electricity consumption of approximately 240-250 kW/h. All calculations were carried out in autumn, when energy consumption is maximum due to short daylight hours. Additionally, I have found that electrical appliances that are turned on but not in use or used in standby mode consume a large amount of energy. This means that by turning them off, you can reduce your energy costs and save your family's budget.

Conclusion

During the preparation of the project, I not only studied and analyzed the data obtained as a result of measurements and experiments, but also took the initiative to replace obsolete incandescent lamps with energy-saving lampsenergy, thus proving their advantages. Currently my apartment is fully equipped with LEDs and energy-saving lamps.

This is the simplest thing that can be done to save energy in a single family; Everyone can do it.

Now imagine that we manage to reduce the power consumption by 100 W. This means that we have saved:

• coal - 48 kilograms
• oil - 33 liters
• gas - 35 cubic meters.

The study showed that if you use household appliances correctly, use energy-saving light bulbs and do not leave appliances in standby mode, the family's energy costs can actually be reduced and the family budget can be saved.

So, by studying the issue of saving electricity and putting into practice various energy saving methods, we also take care of future generations who will live on our planet.